{"id":20684,"date":"2022-02-22T15:39:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T15:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/?p=20684"},"modified":"2023-11-27T19:50:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T19:50:16","slug":"from-pre-brit-to-ex-brit-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/2022\/02\/22\/from-pre-brit-to-ex-brit-update\/","title":{"rendered":"‘From Pre-Brit to Ex-Brit’ update"},"content":{"rendered":"

EL&SD<\/em> is posting \u00a0a new conclusion to Allan Armstrong’s book From Pre-Brit to Ex-Brit<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

FROM AN EX-BRIT END TO THE BRITISH UNIION AND EMPIRE IN AN ‘INTERNATIONALISM FROM BELOW’ CAMPAIGN FOR A EUROPEAN REPUBLIC TO A ‘UNIVERSALISM FROM BELOW’ GLOBAL COMMUNE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Despite the claims of liberal EU supporters, the EEC did not bring peace to its member states.\u00a0 Although armed conflicts were ended between these states, both the UK and Spain were able to conduct \u2018dirty wars\u2019 in Northern Ireland and Euskadi, without any challenge from an EEC\/EU, based upon the sovereignty of existing states.\u00a0 The current activities of the semi-Francoist Spanish Castilian state in Catalunya highlight the continuing democratic deficit underpinning the EU today.\u00a0 Those liberal laws, provided under the EU\u2019s Charter of Fundamental Rights, are dispensable whenever member states face internal national democratic challenges or the effects of major global economic crises.\u00a0 Ever since the 2008 Crisis, EU\u2019s neo-Liberal leaders have abandoned any pretence that they want to maintain European unity for the benefit of anybody but themselves.\u00a0 And the Right Populists want either to redefine or break-up the EU on an ethnic national state basis.<\/p>\n

The EU\u2019s Schengen walls, erected by neo-Liberals (without much opposition from Social Democrats), were designed to ensure that only those workers required by the Euro-bosses, and a limited number of asylum seekers, gain entrance.\u00a0 And this is completely without regard to the EU-based corporations\u2019 own role in plundering resources, promoting wars, dumping waste and imposing environmental degradation across the globe.\u00a0 This has contributed to much of the movement of people towards the EU and UK.<\/p>\n

Today the ruling classes of the EU and UK (and also the USA) often claim to support the freest movement of capital and profits.\u00a0 Protectionist measures are sometimes put in place, even by neo-Liberals, to limit imported commodities which threaten their profits.\u00a0 But when it comes to people though, the response of both the EU and UK reveals a sharp divide.\u00a0 There is free movement for the rich and powerful; but for the exploited and oppressed – migrant labour and asylum seekers \u2013 there are only \u2018walls\u2019 and \u2018moats\u2019.\u00a0 These have led to countless deaths \u2013 drownings at sea, asphyxiations in containers, or killings at \u2018illegal\u2019 border crossing points.<\/p>\n

The Authoritarian Populist, Hard Right, currently in control of the UK, and the Far Right want even higher \u2018walls\u2019 or deeper \u2018moats\u2019.\u00a0 They see the EU as being responsible for unwanted immigration and the social liberalisation of society.\u00a0 Yet the big majority of EU migrants and their families have formed part of the working class in the UK and the Republic of Ireland.\u00a0 Along with Irish and UK workers and students, these migrants have enjoyed freedom of movement and the existing rights of citizens throughout the EU.\u00a0 Brexit represents a major attack on the freedom of movement and civil rights, highlighted by Johnson\u2019s latest Immigration Bill.\u00a0 And British bosses want to access cheaper labour, with even fewer rights, from outside the EU.\u00a0 And the Far Right wants a White Christian Europe.\u00a0 The Populist Right and neo-Liberals have both been prepared to humour the Far Right to further their own agendas.<\/p>\n

But today\u2019s migrants and ayslum seekers remind us that Europe has always had connections \u2013 sometimes dependent, sometimes dominating \u2013 with the wider world.\u00a0 Southern Europe was part of several cross-Mediterranean empires (Greek, Roman, Byzantine); and following this the Iberian peninsula and Sicily became parts of consecutive Arab Moslem empires; large parts of Eastern Europe were peopled by Magyars, Bulgars and others from Central Asia; later large parts of Eastern Europe became part of the multi-ethic Ottoman Empire created by Turkic invaders; whilst Mongols and Tatars had a big impact on Russia.\u00a0 And ever since later Europeans colonised the globe, their imperial metropolitan heartlands have attracted wealthy immigrants (e.g. nabobs and oil sheikhs), traders, sailors, those serving in the armed forces, servants, and workers – often t labouring in the worst jobs.\u00a0 These new and not-so-new migrants are now Europeans descended from Africans, Asians and Latin American and Oceanians,<\/p>\n

Global movements of people have changed not only economic and political set-ups, but also genetic, linguistic and cultural patterns.\u00a0 They have led to a great deal of intermixing, both imposed from above and entered into voluntarily from below.\u00a0Recent research has shown that even in the lands of those Scandinavian Vikings, long celebrated by white racists as the homeland of \u2018pure blooded Teutons\u2019, these were more genetically and ethnically mixed, as non-Scandinavian adventurers, traders, missionaries and slaves took up residence.[1]<\/a>\u00a0 Early globalisation, with its movements of people and transference of cultures, formed the background to this.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

The global Black Lives Matter resistance and solidarity protests have reminded us of how deeply embedded British imperialism has been in the chattel slave trade.\u00a0 Indeed, it was only in 2015 that the debts arising from compensating British slave owners in 1837 were finally paid off.[3]<\/a>\u00a0 In 2020, the statue of Bristol slave trader Edward Colston was toppled by protestors. However, when it was suggested that a critical plaque be placed alongside the statue of slavery-promoting Henry Dundas (Viscount, later Lord Melville) in St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Sir Tom Devine OBE, Scotland\u2019s premier historian and others objected.<\/p>\n

In 1792, Dundas had added his support to the wording of a parliamentary bill to delay the abolition of the Transatlantic slave trade.\u00a0\u00a0 Devine looks little further than what was acceptable to the British ruling class of the day, and to the fears they held about slave revolt.\u00a0 For them, slaves were not justified in trying to free themselves from everyday violence and repression but had to wait for their masters\u2019 say-so.\u00a0 It has also been argued that because Dundas acted as an advocate for Afro-Jamaican slave, James Knight, in a Scottish court case in 1778, he should not be judged a racist upholder of slavery.\u00a0 This is bit like saying that because Priti Patel must have approved a handful of asylum seeker applications, she upholds asylum seeker rights.<\/p>\n

Dundas\u2019 record is very clear, \u201cAs Minister for War and Colonies (1794-1801), Dundas prioritised seizing France\u2019s Caribbean slaveholding empire, especially the profitable colony of Saint Domingue {Haiti}, \u2018with the view of enlarging our national wealth and security.\u2019 \u00a0Between 1793 and 1798, across the Caribbean, 40,000 British troops, most of them sent there by Dundas, died or were incapacitated in a bloody struggle to expand British slavery. \u00a0What stopped Pitt and his government were not their own misgivings, parliamentary abolitionists, the French, or the British public, but enslaved rebels in Saint Domingue \u2013 the British empire\u2019s Vietnam.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

And this was the same Dundas who ensured that Thomas Muir was transported to Botany Bay in 1793 for his part in the British Convention convened to champion democracy.\u00a0 This convention was hosted by the Edinburgh Friends of the People. [5]<\/a>\u00a0 Dundas also urged that troops be sent to Scotland from England to put down the anti-conscription riots following the 1797 Scottish Militia Act.[6]<\/a>\u00a0 Twelve people were killed at Tranent, East Lothian, in August that year. Defence of the British Empire and Union have always been \u2018joined at the hip\u2019.<\/p>\n

Devine is not a reactionary, though, unlike Dundas and some of his present day apologists.\u00a0 He has written about slavery\u2019s key role in financing Scotland\u2019s commercial and industrial development.[7]<\/a>\u00a0 But this was only possible once Scotland had become part of the British Union and Empire.\u00a0 Before that, Scots\u2019 slave trading and ownership was much more limited in scale, more like that of Courland,[8]<\/a> and Brandenburg.[9]<\/a>\u00a0 And like these states, Scotland could well have found its own slave-owning interests squeezed out by larger imperial powers had it not joined the Union.\u00a0 Devine\u2019s anti-slavery sentiments appear to be in the William Wilberforce mould, something to be granted by the ruling class at a time that serves them best, and provided they are well compensated.<\/p>\n

This is something that has very contemporary relevance.\u00a0 Since 2008, it has been the banksters responsible for the Global Crash, who have been compensated, not their millions of victims.\u00a0 And today, corporate capital-induced environmental degradation is wreaking havoc upon the biosphere, and especially upon the lives of the most marginalised people on this Earth.\u00a0 Yet just as the slave owners and banksters demanded compensation or bail-outs, so will today\u2019s fossil fuel and agribusiness corporations demand massive subsidies, if, following the Cop26 protests, they decide to adopt some greener policies, to be implemented according to their own inadequate timescales.<\/p>\n

Devine, long a liberal historian, has recently switched from being a supporter of Labour unionism to a supporter of Scottish constitutional nationalism.\u00a0 Devine\u2019s historical apologetics for Dundas in the past, indicate that, like Scottish Labour and the SNP, he will not support any whole-hearted change from below today. \u00a0Instead, he looks to the leaders of the existing corporate capital dominated world to implement from above the changes he would like to see.<\/p>\n

But Socialists also need to go back to that period of history when Dundas was to the forefront of defending his class and the British Empire and Union.\u00a0 These two linked entities were then being challenged by an \u2018internationalism from below\u2019 alliance. In the UK this was led by the United Irishmen.\u00a0 They included many active women.\u00a0 They also drew in the United Scotsmen and the London Corresponding Society amongst others.\u00a0 And the most advanced leaders of the United Irish, also knew where they stood.\u00a0 They supported Toussaint L\u2019Ouverture, leader of the world\u2019s first ever successful slave revolt.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

At the beginning of the 1789-1815 International Revolutionary Wave, nation-states only formed a small part of the global socio-economic and political order.\u00a0 Many of the exploited and oppressed, drawn into action, did not want to create new nation-states but championed a \u2018universalism from below\u2019 world order.\u00a0 Today, states claiming to be nation-states (as recognised by the United Nations – UN) cover the whole globe.\u00a0 However, any close examination shows that few of these states are based upon the UN\u2019s principles found in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the 1966 International Covenants of Human and Civil Rights, and of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; or the 2006 Declaration of Rights of Indigenous Peoples.<\/p>\n

So, whereas the power in the EU lies with the leaders of the main member states (particularly Germany, France and until recently the UK), the real power in the UN lies in its Security Council.\u00a0 This is dominated by its 5 permanent members \u2013 the imperial and nuclear armed USA, China, Russia, France and the UK.\u00a0 And just as the EU Parliament, meeting in Brussels and Strasbourg, has proved powerless to deal with violent repression within its member states\u2019 borders, so the UN General Assembly is powerless to take any action in defence of stateless nations, nationalities and indigenous peoples, unless they are unanimously approved by its 5 competing imperial Security Council member states.\u00a0 The UN\u2019s failure is highlighted by the current plights of the Palestinian nation; the Kurdish nationality in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, and the Uighur nationality in Chinese occupied Xinjiang; and the \u2018uncontacted tribes\u2019 of Brazil and of West Papua (under Indonesian state control).[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Unlike those Black Jacobins and United Irish struggling for \u2018universalism from below\u2019 during the 1789-1815 International Revolutionary Wave, today we live in a world of \u2018nation-states\u2019.\u00a0 Therefore, a Socialist response to this involves building \u2018internationalism from below\u2019 alliances, prepared to promote solidarity across state boundaries, to stateless nations, oppressed nationalities and indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n

This means that Socialist Republicans living within the UK and these wider islands need to challenge the longstanding US\/UK imperial \u2018Special Relationship\u2019 or its most recent manifestation, \u2018America First\/Britain Second\u2019.\u00a0 A few amongst the reactionary Right may still believe in a global Empire 2, but given the current balance of imperialist forces, this is truly delusional.\u00a0 And beyond the declining US hegemon, there are its disgruntled, but now less coherent EU member states; the economically declining (but still nuclear armed) Russian empire; and the rising turbo-charged, state-capitalist, Chinese empire.\u00a0 One thing most US and UK neo-Liberals and Right Populists agree upon is the need to maintain \u2018American\u2019\/British state links. The UK may now be a very junior partner, but the British ruling class is quite aware they still need US life-support (with only Israel being more dependent).<\/p>\n

The pressures undermining the UK state arise from the continued decline of British imperialism.\u00a0 To counter this, constitutional nationalist parties have only developed a shallow, and sometimes sentimentalist (pan-Celtic) \u2018internationalism\u2019.\u00a0 This is because they defend and promote the interests of existing or would-be national ruling classes.\u00a0 So, their diplomatic \u2018internationalism\u2019 can only reflect these interests.\u00a0 They concentrate their attentions upon limited, self-serving \u2018internationalism from above\u2019 alliances.\u00a0 Currently these are focussed upon the EU bureaucracy and appeals to the increasingly jaded, Joe Biden-led Democrats in the USA.\u00a0 But the constitutional nationalists\u2019 international links do not match, never mind challenge the British \u2018internationalism form above\u2019 links of the reactionary unionist Right.<\/p>\n

The SNP leadership is only hoping to find the political space for a wannabe Scottish ruling class, to make a junior managerial buy-out bid of UK assets in Scotland.\u00a0 Their \u2018Indy-Lite \u2018Scotland would then rejoin the leaders of the remainder-of-the-UK under the Crown and City of London, and maintain their links to the USA through NATO.\u00a0 Together they want to defend the current global corporate order.\u00a0 But the methods used will be determined by its main upholders, the US\/UK imperial alliance.\u00a0 And reflecting the true relationship between the US and UK, now that Johnson\u2019s favoured Right Populist Trump has been replaced (for the time being) by neo-Liberal Biden, Johnson wants to jump even higher to please and to gain the attention of the US ruling class, its corporate CEOs and the State Department.\u00a0 In trying to develop a new Scottish ruling class, within these imposed limits, the SNP leadership hopes to benefit by attracting external investment through reducing corporate tax and through creating special economic zones, with reduced workers\u2019 and environmental safeguards.\u00a0 This has already been shown in the SNP\u2019s national and city council leaders\u2019 backing for a freeport in Dundee.<\/p>\n

The SNP\u2019s two main demands are unobtainable under current political conditions.\u00a0 Johnson\u2019s Tories are unlikely to accept any Indy-Ref 2.\u00a0 But if massive extra-constitutional pressure from below was to force the Tory government\u2019s hands, then any subsequent referendum would be rigged with new UK state imposed rules.\u00a0 These would be backed by Sir Keir Starmer\u2019s unionist Labour Party too.\u00a0 Nor will the US State Department, CIA or NATO meekly accept the SNP\u2019s proposed closure of Her Majesty\u2019s Naval Base (HMND) at Faslane and Coulport.\u00a0 And over this, Johnson and Starmer are again in agreement.\u00a0 And there are some in the SNP who would quite happily accept a new Guantanomac Bay status for the HMND, but unlike Cuba, would take the money.\u00a0 Jim Sillars once advocated this course of action.\u00a0 This is why Socialists need to build support for a much wider break-up of the UK, \u2018internationalism from below\u2019 strategy.<\/p>\n

This means adopting a Socialist Republican approach which unites those who think and are already prepared to fight in outward looking European-wide terms.\u00a0 This would involve those mounting national democratic challenges within non-state nations, e.g. Scotland and Catalunya, denied the right of self-determination by their existing states, or by the EU bureaucracy based upon these states.<\/p>\n

The problem with the bosses\u2019 EU is not its supra-national basis, but that it is too politically, economically and socially restricted to meet the needs of the majority of those living within or immediately beyond its borders.\u00a0 The EU\u2019s official bureaucratic \u2018multiculturalism\u2019 has been legally imposed from above.\u00a0 It accepts a limited diversity in some cultural fields and niche markets.\u00a0 But the overriding imperative of this is assimilation, subordinated to the needs for enhancing profitability.\u00a0 So, their attempts at assimilation are policed by all those \u2018walls\u2019 and \u2018moats\u2019.\u00a0 These lead to the continual questioning of the \u2018Europeanness\u2019, and increasingly the \u2018Britishness\u2019 of those \u2018non-Whites\u2019 who live here.\u00a0 This provides succour to the Far Right.<\/p>\n

But the EU did provide a framework for a \u2018multi-culturalism from below\u2019 alternative based on the integration (or the unity in diversity) of the exploited and oppressed.\u00a0 Migrants from a variety of ethnic backgrounds in all EU member states have taken up jobs, studentships and formed personal relationships, across the existing EU state boundaries.\u00a0 Socialist Republicans must, as an absolute minimum, extend solidarity to all those migrant workers across the states and nations making up the EU and UK, and to asylum seekers, trying to cross their land and sea borders.<\/p>\n

And there are still approximately 2.3 million EU migrants living in the UK,[12]<\/a> and 439,500[13]<\/a> (including those from the UK) living in Ireland.\u00a0 And, when it comes to taking industrial action, some of these migrants have often been to the forefront of militant action, e.g. Latin American cleaners in London and Turkish GAMA workers in Ireland.<\/p>\n

Migrants have contributed to an even wider range of new hybrid European identities.\u00a0 These also include Scottish-European, Welsh-European and Irish-European.\u00a0 This growing Europeanisation has developed into a national form of resistance to Brexit in Scotland, Northern Ireland\/Ireland and Welsh-speaking Wales.\u00a0 This is coupled to opposition to the re-provincialisation of these nations under the UK\u2019s reactionary unionism.\u00a0 But the greatest number of hybrid Europeans living in these islands, although currently a minority, are to be found in England \u2013 the English-Europeans \u2013 especially amongst the young.\u00a0 And England includes a world city, London, as well as substantial multi-ethnic, largely working class communities in other cities.\u00a0 The material and practical base already exists for an immediate Ex-Brit, reunited Ireland and a Scotland, Wales and England within a federal, democratic, secular, environmentally sustainable, social, European Republic<\/p>\n

We are not yet living in the days of an International Revolutionary Wave.\u00a0 Nevertheless, there is a pre-revolutionary situation latent within the present crisis.\u00a0 The ruling class understands this and is acting accordingly.\u00a0 Black Jacobins and United Irish campaigned and fought in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century on a \u2018universalism from below\u2019, then \u00a0on an\u00a0 \u2018internationalism from below\u2019 basis in the 1789-1815 Revolutionary Wave. Connolly, Maclean, Larkin, Pankhurst and others, worked together on an \u2018internationalism from below\u2019 and \u2018break up the UK and British Empire\u2019 basis in the 1916-21\/3 International Revolutionary Wave.\u00a0 Their thinking remains relevant today.<\/p>\n

Yet already, as environmental degradation and its related and possibly more virulent future pandemics threaten humanity, many can see that only a global response can avoid the Right Populists\u2019 and neo-Liberals\u2019 dystopian futures.\u00a0 Acting as \u2018citizens of the world\u2019 now, and with even less regard for state borders, opens up the possibility of a new \u2018universalism from below\u2019 and a bridge to the creation of a global commune.\u00a0 But time is running short.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>[1] Cat Jarman, River Kings: Vikings from Scandinavia to the Silk Roads<\/em>, pp. 125-6 \u00a0(William Collins, 2021, London)<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[2] \u00a0op. cit. pp. 284-5 and 288-9<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[3] \u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slave_Compensation_Act_1837<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[4] \u00a0https:\/\/www.historyworkshop.org.uk\/henry-dundas-naming-empire-and-genocide\/<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[5] \u00a0 Hector MacMillan, A Handful of Rogues: Thomas Muir\u2019s Enemies of the People<\/em>, p. 118 (Argyll Publishing, 2005, Glendaruel)<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0\u00a0 Sandy Mullay, The Tranent Massacre,<\/em> pp.10-11 (East Lothian Library Services, 1997, Haddington)<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[7] \u00a0 T.M. Devine, Rediscovering Scotland\u2019s Slavery Past: the Caribbean Connection\u00a0<\/em>(Edinburgh University Publishers, 2015, Edinburgh)<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[8] \u00a0 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Couronian_colonization<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[9]\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_colonial_projects_before_1871#Brandenburg Prussian_colonies<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[10] See Part 2, Chapter 1d<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[11] https:\/\/www.survivalinternational.org\/tribes\/uncontacted-brazil and <\/strong>https:\/\/www.survivalinternational.org\/tribes\/papuan<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0[12]<\/a> https:\/\/fullfact.org\/immigration\/eu-migration-and-uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

[13] https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/releasesandpublications\/er\/pme\/populationandmigration<\/a>estimatesapril2018\/<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

________<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

also see:-<\/p>\n

The West, no better than all the rest – Allan Armstrong<\/a><\/p>\n

Internationalism from Below, Book 1 – Allan Armstrong<\/a><\/p>\n

Internationalism from Below, Book 2 <\/a>– Allan Armstrong<\/a><\/p>\n

Internationalism from Below, Book 3 <\/a>– Allan Armstrong<\/a><\/p>\n

Internationalism from Below, Book 4 <\/a>– Allan Armstrong<\/a>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EL&SD is posting \u00a0a new conclusion to Allan Armstrong’s book From Pre-Brit to Ex-Brit FROM AN EX-BRIT END TO THE BRITISH UNIION AND EMPIRE IN AN ‘INTERNATIONALISM FROM BELOW’ CAMPAIGN FOR A EUROPEAN REPUBLIC TO A ‘UNIVERSALISM FROM BELOW’ GLOBAL COMMUNE Despite the claims of liberal EU supporters, the EEC did not bring peace to…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1843,1852,1855,1858,1861,1867,1873,1846,1857,1859,8833,1874,1868,8975,8976,1862,1860,18,1864,1878,1876,1875,1877],"tags":[230],"class_list":["post-20684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-capitalists-organise","category-how-communists-organise","category-exploitation-and-emancipation","category-oppression-liberation","category-alienation-self-determination","category-emancipation-liberation-and-self-determination","category-against-unionism","category-british-imperialism","category-environmental-degradation","category-womens-liberation","category-queer-liberation","category-republicanism","category-against-imperialism","category-black-liberation","category-migrant-struggles","category-ideology-and-religion","category-other-social-struggles","category-political-campaigns","category-our-history","category-england-against-unionism","category-ireland-against-unionism","category-scotland-against-unionism","category-wales-against-unionism","tag-author-allan-armstrong"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"views":2615,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20684"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28080,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20684\/revisions\/28080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/republicancommunist.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}